Taipei, Taiwan – China’s COVID-19 cases are on track to hit record highs, signalling more pain for the world’s second-largest economy as hopes fade for a quick exit from Beijing’s draconian “zero-COVID” policies.
The National Health Commission on Wednesday reported 29,157 infections nationwide for the previous day, close to April’s peak.
China’s daily caseload peaked at 29,411 on April 13, when Shanghai was several weeks into a punishing lockdown that prompted food shortages and rare displays of social unrest.
The rising cases come as a video circulating on social media on Wednesday appeared to show workers for Apple supplier Foxconn pulling down barriers and arguing with hazmat-suited officials at a plant in the industrial city of Zhengzhou.
More than half of Wednesday’s caseload, which includes more than 26,400 infections classed as asymptomatic, were reported in Guangzhou and Chongqing, mega-cities in southern and central China, respectively, that are home to more than 35 million people.
In Beijing, where authorities have shuttered schools, strengthened testing requirements, and restricted movements in and out of the city, infections hit a new peak of 1,486.
Shanghai and Zhengzhou, both of which are battling smaller outbreaks, also saw their cases rise from the previous day.
Guangzhou began a five-day lockdown on Monday, following similar measures earlier this month that led to rare public protests, while the southwestern city of Chengdu on Wednesday began a new round of mass testing.
The restrictions are a new blow to China’s sputtering economic recovery and pour cold water on expectations of a shift away from “zero COVID” after the announcement of separate plans to ease restrictions and revive the ailing real estate sector briefly generated positive buzz on Wall Street.
“My sense is that [the optimism] is going to be short-lived because the market has struggled. The October data was literally horrible but because they had these two big announcements, they could not just bypass them,” Alicia Garcia-Herrero, the chief economist for Asia Pacific at financial services firm Natixis, told Al Jazeera, referring to the economic plans.
“However, November is going to be equally horrible because the opening up has not happened.”
China’s economy is expected to struggle to reach 3 percent growth in 2022, which would be one of its weakest showings in decades. Gross domestic product (GDP) officially grew 3.9 percent during the July-September period, after expanding just 0.4 percent in the second quarter.
Garcia-Herrero said one key indicator to watch is mobility, which has remained low across all of China’s main cities except for Shanghai, driving down consumer spending and investment. Export growth was also negative in October, declining 0.3 percent year-on-year, for the first time since June 2020 due to COVID-19 restrictions as well failing demand outside China, according to Natixis.
China is now in something of a Catch-22, said Garcia-Herrero, as its economic recovery requires increased mobility, but loosening restrictions will lead to a surge in deaths, particularly among the elderly.
The country has struggled to vaccinate its elderly population, with only 66 percent of people aged 80 and above inoculated, among whom just 40 percent have received a booster shot.
China’s domestic Sinovac vaccine has also been shown in studies to be less effective at preventing severe disease than its mRNA counterparts.
Even if China can boost its vaccination rate and make the transition to living with the virus, exiting “zero COVID” will not solve China’s economic woes overnight, said Carsten Holz, an economist at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, who described the harsh strategy as “double whammy for the economy.”
“As long as COVID-19 restrictions are in place, they hamper output, create supply chain disruptions, and disrupt retail sales,” Holz told Al Jazeera. “When COVID restrictions are finally lifted, the economy goes through several adjustment cycles, leading to yet more disruptions and instability. In the meantime, some foreign demand may also permanently have left the PRC [People’s Republic of China].”
‘Coexistence with the virus’
China’s modest economic rebound in the third quarter also does not offer much hope of a strong finish to the year, according to economists.
Much of the country’s recent growth has been driven by the state sector and not private consumption, said Nick Marro, the lead analyst for global trade at the Economist Intelligence Unit, as confidence among foreign and private firms on the ground remains “shattered” thanks to “zero COVID.”
“When we think about where growth is coming from, the economy is increasingly imbalanced,” Marro told Al Jazeera. “If you look over the last two years, a lot of the growth has been coming from investments and exports and it hasn’t really been coming from private consumption because ‘zero COVID’ has just decimated retail activity and just decimated private consumption.”
Notably, Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba, which has seen its revenue growth flatline in recent months, this month did not disclose the sales figures for its November 11 “single’s day” shopping holiday – an event that saw $84.5bn in sales in 2021.
Apple supplier Foxconn has also struggled to produce the iPhone 14 Pro and Pro Max at its enormous Zhengzhou factory following a spike in infections that forced the company to shutter its factory earlier this month.
Marro said the factory closure showed the limits of “zero COVID” even as companies try to diversify production sites – but also how far Beijing has to go to convince people to live with the virus.
“What’s … interesting is we saw an exodus of people leaving Zhengzhou, and there was some discussion that conditions in the dorms were so bad because of ‘zero COVID,’ but it also seemed like people were fleeing because they were literally terrified of catching the virus,” he said.
“I think that’s a great illustration of the fact that the government hasn’t done anything that shows COVID isn’t as scary as it used to be. Even if the government wants to lift COVID zero protocols, the population itself might still be very, very hesitant on accepting that and themselves moving towards this coexistence with the virus.”
